Type 2 Diabetes / insulin resistance / pre-diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is an impairment in the way the body regulates and uses sugar (glucose) as a fuel. This long-term (chronic) condition results in too much sugar circulating in the bloodstream. Eventually, high blood sugar levels can lead to disorders of the circulatory, nervous and immune systems. Type 2 diabetes used to be known as adult-onset diabetes, but both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can begin during childhood and adulthood. Type 2 is more common in older adults, but the increase in the number of children with obesity has led to more cases of type 2 diabetes in younger people.

According to WHO, he number of people with diabetes rose from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. Prevalence has been rising more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation. Between 2000 and 2019, there was a 3% increase in diabetes mortality rates by age. In 2019, diabetes and kidney disease due to diabetes caused an estimated 2 million deaths.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond appropriately to insulin. Because insulin release and activity are essential processes for glucose homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms involved in the synthesis and release of insulin, as well as in its detection are tightly regulated. Defects in any of the mechanisms involved in these processes can lead to a metabolic imbalance responsible for the development of the disease.
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Q10

Forty studies (n = 2,424 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. CoQ10 significantly reduced fasting glucose (WMD: -5.22 [95% CI: -8.33, -2.11] mg/dl; P <0.001; I2=95.10%), fasting insulin (-1.32 [-2.06, -0.58] μIU/ml; P < 0.001; I2=78.86%), HbA1c (-0.12% [-0.23, -0.01]; P =0.04; I2=49.10%), and HOMA-IR (-0.69 [-1.00, -0.38]; P <0.001; I2=88.80%). The effect of CoQ10 on outcomes was greater in diabetes with lower heterogeneity. A “U” shape dose-response relationship curve revealed that 100-200 mg/day of CoQ10 largely decreased fasting glucose (χ2 = 12.08, Pnonlinearity =0.002), fasting insulin (χ2 = 9.73, Pnonlinearity =0.008), HbA1c (χ2 = 6.00, Pnonlinearity =0.049), HOMA-IR (χ2 = 25.89, Pnonlinearity <0.001). Interpretation: CoQ10 supplementation has beneficial effects on glycemic control, especially in diabetes, and 100-200 mg/day of CoQ10 could achieve the greatest benefit, which could provide a basis for the dietary guidelines of CoQ10 in patients with glycemic disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . Eclinical medicine, VOLUME 52, 101602, OCTOBER 01, 2022, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101602

** All data above are published as clinical trials and do not refer to EFSA claims. This means that they do not intend to be medical or therapeutical advice.